Piston compressor

Piston compressor is one of the most common positive displacement compressors. It changes the rotary motion of the driving machine into the reciprocating motion of the piston by the crank connecting rod mechanism. The piston and the cylinder together form the working chamber of the compressor. Relying on the reciprocating movement of the piston in the cylinder, and with the automatic opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves, the gas periodically enters the working chamber of the cylinder for compression and discharge. Piston compressors are mainly composed of three parts: motion mechanism (crankshaft, bearing, connecting rod, crosshead, pulley or coupling, etc.), working mechanism (cylinder, piston, valve, etc.) and body. In addition, there are three auxiliary systems: lubrication system, cooling system and adjustment system. The motion mechanism is a crank connecting rod mechanism, which changes the rotational motion of the crankshaft into the reciprocating motion of the crosshead. The fuselage is used to support and install the entire motion mechanism and working mechanism. The working mechanism is the main component to realize the working principle of the compressor.

Working principle: In pneumatic transmission, volumetric piston air compressors are usually used. Piston air compressors use the crankshaft to drive the reciprocating motion of the piston to compress the gas in the cylinder cavity to continuously produce compressed air. Piston air compressor is a positive displacement compressor. This model is limited by its working principle and characteristics. In order to stabilize the air supply, piston air compressors are generally equipped with air storage tanks.

Main advantages: 1. Wide range of applicable pressure. Because it relies on the principle of volume change, it can reach a high working pressure regardless of its flow rate. At present, it has been made into low, medium, high and ultra-high pressure compressors, of which the working pressure of ultra-high pressure compressors in industry can reach 350MPa(3500kgf/cm2). 2. Low equipment price, low initial investment, convenient operation and long service life. Because the compression process is a closed process, the thermal efficiency is high. 4. It has strong adaptability, wide range of exhaust volume, and is less affected by the change of exhaust pressure. When the medium weight changes, the change of volume displacement and exhaust pressure is also small.

Main disadvantages: 1. The inertial force is large and the speed cannot be too high, so the machine is bulky, especially when the displacement is large. 2. The structure is complex, there are many wearing parts, the maintenance workload is large, and the maintenance cost is relatively high. 3, the exhaust is not continuous, the airflow pressure pulsation, easy to produce air column vibration. 4. The vibration and noise during operation are large, and the equipment installation foundation is required to be high. Because the piston machine can only intermittently intake and exhaust, the cylinder volume is small, and the reciprocating speed of the piston cannot be too fast, so the displacement and power of the piston machine are greatly limited.

Scope of application: Piston compressor is a reciprocating compressor. The pressure level belongs to medium pressure, high pressure, and ultra-high pressure. It is suitable for occasions with higher pressure. The flow range is medium and small. It is mainly suitable for medium and small displacement. High pressure occasions.

Development trend: Piston compressors are the most widely used compressors in traditional fields, but with the rise of other rotary compressors and other products, their market in many fields, such as refrigeration, is gradually shrinking. The key ethylene construction projects in the domestic petrochemical field and the vigorous rectification in the coal field in recent years will drive the development of piston compressor technology and its industry. Piston compressors are mainly developed in the direction of large capacity, high pressure, low noise, high efficiency and high reliability. Continuously develop new air valves operating under variable working conditions to improve the service life of air valves; In product design, thermodynamics and dynamics theories are applied to predict the performance of compressors under actual working conditions through comprehensive simulation. Strengthen the mechanical and electrical integration of compressors and adopt calculation automatic control to realize optimized energy-saving operation and online operation. In order to carry forward the advantages and overcome the disadvantages, the structural parameters tend to be high speed and short stroke, making the structure compact. At the same time, extend the life of the valve, sealing components and other wearing parts to improve the operating rate. With the development of optimization design theory and computer technology, a new prospect has been created for the rational selection of design parameters and the improvement of efficiency.

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